(6.9B) draw on experiences to bring meanings to words in context such as interpreting [idioms,] multiple-meaning words, and analogies (6-8);

(6.9C) use multiple reference aids, including a thesaurus, a synonym finder, a dictionary, and software, to clarify meanings and usage (4-8);

(6.9D) determine meanings of derivatives by applying knowledge of the meanings of root words such as like, pay or happy and affixes such as dis-, pre- or un- (4-8);

(6.9E) study word meanings systematically such as across curricular content areas and through current events (4-8);

(6.9F) distinguish denotative and connotative meanings (6-8); and

(6.9G) use word origins as an aid to understanding historical influences on English word meanings (6-8).

(6.10A) use his/her own knowledge and experience to comprehend (4-8);

(6.10B) establish and adjust purposes for reading such as reading to find out, to understand, to interpret, to enjoy, and to solve problems (4-8);

(6.10C) monitor his/her own comprehension and make modifications when understanding breaks down such as by rereading a portion aloud, using reference aids, searching for clues, and asking questions (4-8);

(6.10D) describe mental images that text descriptions evoke (4-8);

(6.10E) use the text's structure or progression of ideas such as cause and effect or chronology to locate and recall information (4-8);

(6.10F) determine a text's main (or major ideas) and how those ideas are supported with details (4-8);

(6.10G) paraphrase and summarize text to recall, inform, or organize ideas (4-8);

(6.10H) draw inferences such as conclusions or generalizations and support them with text evidence and experience (4-8);

(6.10I) find similarities and differences across texts such as in treatment, scope, or organization (4-8);

(6.10J) distinguish fact and opinion in various texts (4-8);

(6.10K) answer different types and levels of questions such as open-ended, literal, and interpretative as well as test-like questions such as multiple choice, true-false, and short answer (4-8);

(6.10L) represent text information in different ways such as in outline, timeline, or graphic organizer (4-8); and

(6.10M) use study strategies to learn and recall important ideas from texts such as preview, question, reread, and record (6-8).

(6.11A) offer observations, make connections, react, speculate, interpret, and raise questions in response to texts (4-8);

(6.11B) interpret text ideas through such varied means as journal writing, discussion, enactment, and media (4-8);

(6.11C) support responses by referring to relevant aspects of text [and his/her own experiences] (4-8); and

(8.11D) connect, compare, and contrast ideas, themes, and issues across text (4-8).

(6.12B) recognize the distinguishing features of genres, including biography, historical fiction, informational texts, and poetry (4-8);

(6.12C) compare communication in different forms such as [contrasting a dramatic performance with a print version of the same story or]comparing story variants (2-8);

(6.12D) understand and identify literary terms such as playwright, theater, stage, act, dialogue, analogy, and scene across a variety of literary forms (texts) (6-7)(8);

(6.12E) understand literary forms by recognizing and distinguishing among such types of text as stories, poems, myths, fables, tall tales, limericks, plays, biographies, and autobiographies (3-7);

(6.12F) analyze characters, including their traits, motivations, conflicts, points of view, relationships, and changes they undergo (4-8);

(6.12G) recognize and analyze story plot, setting, and problem resolution (4-8);

(6.12H) describe how the author's perspective or point of view affects the text (4-8);

(6.12I) analyze ways authors organize and present ideas such as through cause/effect, compare/contrast, inductively, deductively, or chronologically (6-8);

(6.12J) recognize and interpret literary devices such as flashback, foreshadowing, and symbolism (6-8); and

(6.12K) recognize how style, tone, and mood contribute to the effect of the text (6-8).

(6.13A) form and revise questions for investigations, including questions arising from readings, assignments, and units of study (6-8);

(6.13B) use text organizers, including headings, graphic features, and tables of contents, to locate and organize information (4-8);

(6.13C) use multiple sources, including electronic texts, experts, and print resources, to locate information relevant to research questions (4-8);

(6.13D) interpret and use graphic sources of information such as maps, graphs, timelines, or tables to address research questions (4-8);

(6.13E) summarize and organize information from multiple sources by taking notes, outlining ideas, and making charts (4-8);

(6.13F) produce research projects and reports in effective formats for various audiences (6-8);

(6.13G) draw conclusions from information gathered from multiple sources (4-8);

(6.13H) use compiled information and knowledge to raise additional, unanswered questions (3-8); and

(6.13I) present organized statements, reports, and speeches using visuals or media to support meaning, as appropriate (6-8)

(6.15A) write to express, discover, record, develop, reflect on ideas, and to problem solve (4-8);

(6.15B) write to influence such as to persuade, argue, and request (4-8);

(6.15C) write to inform such as to explain, describe, report, and narrate (4-8);

(6.15D) write to entertain such as to compose humorous poems or short stories (4-8);

(6.15E) select and use voice and style appropriate to audience and purpose (6-8);

(6.15F) choose the appropriate form for his/her own purpose for writing, including journals, letters, editorials, reviews, poems, presentations, narratives, reports, and instructions (6);

(6.15G) use literary devices effectively such as suspense, dialogue, and figurative language (5-8); and

(6.15H) produce cohesive and coherent written texts by organizing ideas, using effective transitions, and choosing precise wording (6-8).

(6.16A) write legibly by selecting cursive or manuscript as appropriate (4-8);

(6.16B) capitalize and punctuate correctly to clarify and enhance meaning such as capitalizing titles, using hyphens, semicolons, colons, possessives, and sentence punctuation (6-8);

(6.16C) write with accurate spelling of syllable constructions, including closed, open, consonant before -le, and syllable boundary patterns (3-6);

(6.16D) write with accurate spelling of roots such as drink, speak, read, or happy, inflections such as those that change tense or number, suffixes such as -able or -less, and prefixes such as re- or un- (4-6);

(6.16E) use resources to find correct spellings (4-8);

(6.16F) spell accurately in final drafts (4-8); and

(6.16G) understand the influence of other languages and cultures on the spelling of English words (6-8).

(6.17A) use regular and irregular plurals correctly (4-6)

(6.17B) write in complete sentences, varying the types such as compound and complex, and use of appropriately punctuated dependent clauses (6)

(6.17D) use adjectives (comparative and superlative forms) and adverbs appropriately to make writing vivid or precise (4-8);

(6.17F) employ standard English usage in writing for audiences, including subject-verb agreement, pronoun referents, and parts of speech (4-8)

(6.18A) generate ideas and plans for writing by using prewriting strategies such as brainstorming, graphic organizers, notes, and logs (4-8);

(6.18B) develop drafts by categorizing ideas, organizing them into paragraphs, and blending paragraphs within larger units of text (4-8);

(6.18C) revise selected drafts by adding, elaborating, deleting, combining, and rearranging text (4-8);

(6.18D) revise drafts for coherence, progression, and logical support of ideas (4-8);

(6.18E) edit drafts for specific purposes such as to ensure standard usage, varied sentence structure, and appropriate word choice (4-8);

(6.18F) use available technology to support aspects of creating, revising, editing, and publishing texts (4-8);

(6.18G) refine selected pieces frequently to "publish" for general and specific audiences (4-8);

(6.18H) proofread his/her own writing and that of others (4-8); and

(6.18I) select and use reference materials and resources as needed for writing, revising, and editing final drafts (4-8).

(6.19A) apply criteria to evaluate writing (4-8);

(6.19B) respond in constructive ways to others' writings (4-8);

(6.19C) evaluate how well his/her own writing achieves its purposes (4-8);

(6.19D) analyze published examples as models for writing (4-8); and

(6.19E) review a collection of written works to determine its strengths and weaknesses and to set goals as a writer (4-8).

(6.20A) frame questions to direct research (4-8);

(6.20B) organize prior knowledge about a topic in a variety of ways such as by producing a graphic organizer (4-8);

(6.20C) take notes from relevant and authoritative sources such as guest speakers, periodicals, and on-line searches (4-8);

(6.20D) summarize and organize ideas gained from multiple sources in useful ways such as outlines, conceptual maps, learning logs, and timelines (4-8);

(6.20E) present information in various forms using available technology (4-8);

(6.20F) evaluate his/her own research and raise new questions for further investigation (4-8); and

(6.20G) follow accepted formats for writing research, including documenting sources (6-8).

(6.21A) collaborate with other writers to compose, organize, and revise various types of texts, including letters, news, records, and forms (4-8); and

(6.21B) correspond with peers or others via e-mail or conventional mail (4-8).